TamilNadu style Mutton Biryani

Happy Valentine's Day !

Hope you all had a hearty Valentine's day. Before that I should accept, I didn't cook anything for Valentine's day. Instead hubby took me out and gave me rest for the whole weekend. Felt great to roam around, sit idle and shop like a freak:).

This mutton biryani post is inspired by one of my reader who asked me to give the correct but easy procedure to make a mutton biryani at home. Click to see my youtube video on 'Tips to make tasty biriyani'.

Here is the typical procedure on TamilNadu style mutton biryani. Enjoy!



(Snap taken very long back, when I was a neanderthal. But believe me the biryani tasted great...hi..hi)

Ingredients:
Goat meat (with bones) - 1 lb
Basmati rice - 1 lb (2.5 cup)
Turmeric - 1/2 tsp
lemon - 1/2
curd - 1/2 cup
Tomato - 1
onion - 1 (big)
cilantro - a handful
mint leaf - a handful
cinnamon - 2 inch
ghee - 4 tbsp
bay leaf - 2
nutmeg - a pinch
star aniseed - 1
cashew - 10
raisin - 10
almond - 10
green chilly (slit) - 5
salt - approximately 1.5 tsp

To grind:
Green chillies - 8
ginger - 2 inch
garlic - 6 pearls
cinnamon - 1/2 inch piece
cardamom - 4
cloves - 5
black pepper - 1 tsp
fennel - 1 tsp

Method:
Wash and clean the meat. Chop it into big chunks.
Cook the meat in pressure cooker along with the ground masala , turmeric powder, cinnamon (2 inch) and water enough to cover the meat.

(As we get the whistle reduce the flame and switch off after 15 minutes to get the meat cooked completely. Otherwise we can cook in open flame too. But it will take a lot of time. To reduce the cooking time add green papaya paste or meat tenderizer powder (1 tbsp for 1 kg meat) and marinate the meat for 2 hours before cooking.)

In the mean time wash and soak the rice for 1/2 an hour.

Chop the onion in lengthwise. Slice the tomato finely.

Heat the ghee in a wok and slide in the bay leaf, nutmeg, star aniseed , cashews, raisins, almond and immediately add the onion . After the onion turns red add the chopped tomato and saute till the oil separates.

Put the chopped cilantro, mint and let them wilt.

Now add the cooked meat along with the soup , salt, slit green chillies , curd and let it come to a boil. Taste and add some more salt if required.

Then add the soaked rice leaving behind the soaked water. Let rice absorb all the water.

Add some water (if required) and the water should completely cover the rice and should stand a thin layer (1 cm) above the rice.

Squeeze the lemon and cover with a tight lid. Switch off the flame.

Heat a thick dosa tawa until it becomes very hot and reduce the flame. Place the semi cooked biryani over the tawa and cook for 1 hour.

(*If you want to do the dhum process then cover the vessel with a tight flat lid. Bring 2 liters of water to boil, cover by a lid and place it over the biryani vessel. Heat the tawa in minimum heat for 1 hours. This is the dhum process.

*If you want to do the dhum process in oven , then preheat the oven to 400 deg F and place the biryani vessel alone and reduce the heat to 200. After 1 hour the biryani will be cooked perfectly

* If you want to cook it in pressure cooker, then take a 10 or 12 liter pressure cooker. Pour 2 cups of water to it. Place the biryani vessel inside the cooker and cook with weight. After the whistle comes, reduce flame and switch off after 3 minutes. This is the procedure to make mutton biryani in pressure cooker

*OK! How do they do mutton biryani for weddings or large scale parties? They marinate the mutton with green papaya paste / meat tenderizer and cook the gravy in a very large vessel for long hours. Then add rice, do the dhum using hot charcoal over the biryani vessel and get the rich biryani done. They do it overnight or for very long hours).

Mutton biryani is ready!

Serving suggestions:
Serve hot with raitha, boiled egg and a spicy gravy.

Note:

*After soaking the rice , we can drain the water completely and roast the rice in ghee (1 tbsp for 1 cup of rice) mildly.Then follow the above procedure to get the rice look separate.

* Don't cook the mutton with salt or tomato. Otherwise the meat won't get cooked properly.

*I have heard, the chefs won't add red chilly powder or coriander powder for mutton biryani. If desired we can add some pepper powder along with green chillies.

*If you see the rice not cooked properly, then sprinkle 1 cup cow's milk or water and close the lid. cook again for 1/2 an hour in very low heat and steam. (I follow this method to cook it uniformly).

*Rice calculation:
Generally they calculate the rice for an adult as 3/4 cup while making biryani.
The quantity of rice should be equal to that of meat.

Try this and tell me how this came out!

TamilNadu Muslim's wedding special Biriyani

North Indian biryani and Hyderabadi Biryani are entirely different from the TamilNadu Muslim's version.

In TN , the rice is cooked in the gravy along with meat (known as the Arabian method). While in the other versions, they cook the rice and meat separately and mix afterward in the dhum process (slow cooking).
Click to see my youtube video  on

Chicken Dum biriyani and on 'Tips to make tasty biriyani'

I am sure any one out there who have tasted the biryani in a TN Muslim marriage (or the one prepared by a chef trained to do so) will always seek for that stunning taste. Some years ago , while working in India I met an interesting Accountant, whose hobby is to cook for wedding parties. Beyond the regular office job and despite of his wealthy background he had a crew to join him for this extra job, which he liked very much. One of my colleague told me about this famous chef who happened to sit in the midst of many files.
On my request, without any hesitation he shared me the secrets beyond this famous biryani and some interesting facts too.
From then whenever I prepare a biryani, I remember the way he passionately explained me:)

Noting his version below to appreciate and enjoy.
1.They use only halal meat.The meat should be marinated with curd, salt for few hours to overnight.

Weight of meat should be equal to that of rice.Use red meat only or use a whole chicken along with bones.
2.They pray to God before making biryani, as they consider it as food for the God.
(I always appreciate the dedication and love).
3.They consider inviting all the people they know for the feast.
(oh yeah , how can we feast a tasty food without any social consciousness).
4. They start cooking as early as 2 AM to serve for a feast in the lunch. The secret is the long hours of dham in low heat. (That 10 hrs of cooking makes it yummy!).
5. Don't use chilli powder, coriander powder,  poppy seed, Turmeric powder , garam masal powder. This briyani should not be spicy, but we should get the green chilly flavor only.
6. Use good quality milk, saffron , rose essence , ghee.
7. They serve the food in a very large plate (called thambalam) and the close family members eat together in the same plate, whereas guests are served separately.
(Most of the Muslim marriages serve Mutton biryani, but I have used chicken and simplified the procedure enough to make it in small batches at home. If you are using mutton,then don't cook it in a pressure cooker. Instead cook mutton in direct heat, but add a pinch of meat tenderizer powder or a piece of raw papaya to reduce the cooking time or lamb)

Briyani with carrot raitha

carrot raita and tomato sweet are served with briyani in Muslim festivals in my neighborhood

Ingredients:
Basmathi rice or jeeraga samba or kali jeera rice - 1/2 kg (approximately 3 cups)
Chicken - 1/2 kg
(with bone / leg piece is good. Don't use breast piece / white meat for this recipe)
salt - To taste
Green chilly - 6
Red onion - 100 gms (2)
Tomato - 100 gms (4)
Lemon - 1/4
ghee - 1/2 cup
oil - 1/4 cup
Rose water - 2 tbsp
(or a drop of rose essence)
Milk - 1/4 cup
curd - 1 cup (optional but tastes good)
saffron - a pinch

Paste 1:
cilantro - 10 plants (leaves only)
mint leaf - 10 sticks (leaves only)
green chilly - 4

Paste 2:
Ginger - 2 inch
garlic - 10 pearls

To dry roast and powder:
Fennel seed - 1 tbsp
cinnamon - 1 inch
cardamom - 4
cloves - 6
Black pepper - 1 tbsp

For tempering:
cinnamon - 3 inch , 1 star aniseed, cashews - 10 ,1 tsp Sea weed (kalpaasi), a small chip of Nutmeg (jathikkai), 1/4 of a mace, raisin - 10, bay leaf - 2 , cardamom - 5, cloves - 6.

Preparation:
Clean the chicken and cut it in to big pieces. Wash and Keep aside.
Rub a tsp of salt + juice of 1/2 lemon, 1 cup curd and leave it for an hour.
(overnight marination inside fridge yields very tasty juicy chicken pieces in biryani).

Chop the onion in lengthwise.
Chop Tomato into small cubes.
Keep the green chillies as full, don't cut it.
Dry roast and powder the items given.
Grind ginger and garlic together to a fine paste.
Grind cilantro, mint, green chilli to a very fine paste.

While we start tempering,  rinse and clean the rice. Soak it in water for 10 minutes , drain water and let it remain for 1/2 an hour (while we saute and cook the meat). Don't soak for more time. The rice may break by over-soaking.


Method:
Heat oil + ghee in a  broad bottom vessel meant for biriyani.
Soak the rice in room temp water for only 10  minutes.
Toss in a small bark of cinnamon, 1 star aniseed, cashews , 2 rose bud, 1 tsp Sea weed (kalpaasi), a small chip of jathikkai(nutmeg),  raisin.
Immediately add the chopped onion + little salt and fry till it becomes golden brown.
Add the ginger garlic paste and stir well till the raw smell vanishes.
Now add the finely chopped tomato and cilantro paste (paste 1). Saute till the tomato gets mashed and oil starts showing off.  USE GHEE GENEROUSLY.
Now put the chicken pieces along with some more salt, a cup of water , powdered masala and cook it covered.
Cook till all the water gets absorbed by the chicken and the chicken is almost cooked .
Put the soaked rice.. and saute it gently without breaking the rice grains.
Now add water just enough to immerse the rice and meat completely.  Start heating and let the rice gets cooked 50 %. Ensure that some water is standing above the rice. If not add boiling water so that water stands 1/2 inch above that rice.
(No need to measure the water. Literally it is not possible to measure the amount water if biryani is prepared in large quantities. ).

Put some freshly chopped mint, cilantro leaves and uncut green chillies.
As soon as the water starts boiling, we can see some holes start appearing on rice. close the vessel with a tight lid and let the rice absorb all the water. Now the rice will be 70 % cooked. Switch off the flame.

Dhum process:
Actually while cooking for large parties the chef used to cook the biryani in large stoves burning with fire wood. And at this point they put off fire and make the biryani sit over hot charcoal. Moreover they close the edges of the lid with wet chapathi / roti dough to prevent steam to escape and cook the food in low heat.They put lot of hot charcoal also above the lid. After 5 hours they will get a perfect biryani, with that long grain rice becoming soft, firm and some what short:)
I simplified the above process with a home adopted dhum process.

Home adopted dhum process:
Start heating a thick dosa tawa . (Dont't use your regular dosa tawa. Because you may spoil the dosa tawa while doing so. So I use my chapathi tawa)
Place the biryani vessel over the hot tawa.

Now mix the milk , rose water and saffron and sprinkle it all over the rice. (This generates enough steam to slow cook the rice).
Spread the raisins all over the rice.
Sprinkle some more ghee (2 tbsp) over the rice.

Reduce the heat to minimum. Close the vessel tightly using a flat lid / plate.
Using a wet chapathi dough, cover the lid's edge to seal completely.

Before hand bring 2 liters of water to boil in a vessel. close it with lid.
Place it above the biryani vessel and lid.
Reduce flame to minimum.
Let the setup remain for nearly 2 hours. (2 hours is enough for a smaller batch , less than 2 kg rice).

After that we need not stir the biryani.

After 2 hours we can get a good biryani smell filling the house.
Take it out and enjoy.

TamilNadu Muslim style Biryani is ready !

Serving suggestions:
Mostly in TamilNadu Muslim marriages they Serve it hot with Thakkali thithippu (a kind of Tomato jam) , onion - carrot raitha , any spicy non veg curry , of course a semiya javvarisi payasam and a special dish called dhalsa (a thick dhal curry made with some mutton).
The above said quantity would be enough to serve 4 adults.

Note:
Rice calculation - for 1 adult use 3/4 cup of rice.
Jeeraga samba rice (Jeera rice) will give more flavorful Tamilnadu biryani than the basmati.

Hope I tempted you enough by describing a TamilNadu Muslim marriage feast:)
Enjoy!

Including this TamilNadu Muslim's Wedding special Biryani to the event The potluck - chicken ' hosted by me.


For mutton briyani:
Just proceed like the same method, but don't add tomato, salt or lemon without cooking the mutton. It will delay the cooking of mutton. So after the ginger garlic paste (without vinegar), add the mutton and cook in direct heat or pressure cook (medium flame in 10 minutes after 1 whistle). Then add tomato, salt and prepare the briyani just like chicken briyani. If you have lesser time to prepare the goat (mutton) briyani, then just pressure cook the meat (though it is not traditional).

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update: 2014

Onion getting fried in ghee + oil

Marinated chicken. Adding curd is optional , but tastes good.

Onion, ginger garlic paste, tomato, cilanto mint , green chilly masala paste cooked

after adding chicken and oil separates

Cook the chicken masala till it tastes perfect and oil separates.

See  little water standing above semi cooked rice. Briyani is ready for dhum.

Dum in oven . Cover tightly with aluminum foil and heat 350 deg c for 30 minutes and reduce to 250 for 1.30 hours

(OR) Keeping dum in stove. Top vessel has very hot water. Heat every 15 minutes and keep the water above the briyani vessel and stove in minimum heat.

Briyani after dum cooking

Chicken briyani in  SouthTamilnadu Muslim style. It won't be very grainy like North Indian briyani But well cooked and not mushy.